Prevention

Malaria is a preventable and curable disease. The most important and difficult preventative measure against malaria worldwide is vector control. There are two main vector control methods in current use, insecticide-treated mosquito nets and indoor spraying with residual insecticides (World Health Organizaton, 2014).

Insecticide-treated Mosquito Nets (ITNs)

Most mosquito bites occur during the night. ITNs are placed around a bed to protect sleeping men, women, and children. An ITN is a mosquito net that repels, disables and kills mosquitoes that
come into contact with insecticide on the netting material. There are two types of ITNs: conventionally treated nets, which are dipped in insecticide and must be re-treated at least once a year, and long-lasting insecticidal nets which are made with netting material that has insecticide incorporated into the fibers, lasting up to 3 years. They can prevent up to 20% of malaria deaths in children (UNICEF, 2014).

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Indoor Spraying with Residual Insecticides

Indoor spraying is the spraying of a household with insecticide, such as DDT. The mosquitoes that come into contact with a sprayed surface are killed. The sprays are often effective for several months, but at least 80% of the households in a community must be sprayed.

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For the prevention of malaria in individuals and travelers, several steps can be taken. Insect repellents containing active ingredients such as DEET can be applied when outside, and long sleeved shirts, long pants, and hats can be worn to limit skin exposure. Doctors may also recommend taking a prescription antimalarial drug in areas of high risk (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2014).

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